Thursday, June 18, 2009

Re: NEVER READY FOR IT

I think 377 may be removed any time now, may be next month when the courts open after summer vacations or a little later. The hearing in the Delhi High Court was over in October, 2008 and only verdict has to come. The proceedings and the attitude of the judges during the last 4-5 days of hearing made it clear that 377 will be removed. They only have to see that there is no law and order problem the day verdict comes. They will have to make some police arrangement before verdict is announced. The court might inform the government in advance to make suitable arrangements.

 

However, I do not think that removal of 377 is going to help Indian gay community in any way. Indian homosexuals will not be able to surface out and start living with their partners openly after 377 is removed. Homosexuality will keep operating as a hidden and underground sub-culture in India as usual. In fact, 377 has already been removed in practice. The government of India is not enforcing it now. They allow flavoured condoms meant for oral sex to be manufactured and marketed openly, they install condom vending machines in military barracks for soldiers who have anal sex with each other since they remain away from their wives for prolonged periods, all gay sites remain openly accessible in India, gay parties openly allowed in metros, gay men remaining openly involved in sexual activities in city parks in Mumbai when cops turning a blind eye to them and so on. IPC 377 now exists on paper only.  Whether we remove it from paper or not is immaterial. The Sri Lankan Government has even said to its gay community that we are not enforcing law banning anal sex, so they can have anal sex if they want.

 

What we want is the acceptability of homosexuality in India which will come through education. The government must publicize the findings of medical science about homosexuality in India through newspapers, radio, TV etc. and other means of mass communication. The government must heavily advertise that homosexuality is not a mental disorder and it is a normal human behaviour. The Government should also launch special drives so that married gay men come out in the open and take divorce from their wives. Making same-sex Marriage Law is the first step in creating the acceptability of homosexuals in the society. Nothing less than this will work. Nepal's Supreme Court has already ordered Nepal Government to make Same-sex Marriage Law within 6 months. Since 6 months are already over, somebody might now file a contempt petition in the court to remind the Government to make the law. Nepal is presently going on under political turmoil; otherwise the law might already have been made by now.

  

Removal of 377 only helps in establishing the existence of male homosexuals in the society. The Government of India has already accepted our existence but a common man has yet to do so. Previously, the Government of India was also not recognising the existence of homosexuality in the society. However, after AIDS came into picture, the government had to do it. Now, if not all then at least those government documents and reports which are prepared in connection of HIV and AIDS prevention work always use two words together - prostitutes and homosexuals (they have coined the word 'MSM' for homosexuals but they never use the words 'MSW' or 'WSM' for themselves). It shows that the government of India has accepted the existence of homosexuals on earth. However, a common man is yet to do so categorically. So far a common man on the street thinks that there are some men who take young boys to deserted spots and they rape them. A common man also knows that there are some men in the society who want that another man performs anal sex on them. A common man thinks that these two types of men are known as homosexuals and they suffer from a mental disease. A common man also thinks that the number of such homosexuals is very small in the society, just one in lakhs. However, all this information in informally available to a common man. He has picked it up from no formal source.

 

When we remove 377, a common man will come to know in a formal way about the existence of a class named 'MSM' in the society, just like the government has accepted it now. However, besides establishing the existence of MSM's, nothing more will be accomplished by removal of 377. A common man will continue hating homosexuals, as he does now. When we remove 377 as a measure to prevent AIDS, the common man on the street will think that the govt. had to do this since homosexuals are an unavoidable evil and we shall have to tolerate them since we cannot eliminate them. Homosexuality will be thought like prostitution. We are also on our path to legalise prostitution since it has been found that prostitution cannot be stopped by any means so it is better to legalise it. Prostitution has been accepted by the society as an unavoidable evil. By removal of 377, we will declare homosexuality also as an unavoidable evil. In fact, the Planning Commission has already recommended to the Government of India in its report that both prostitution and homosexuality be legalised to prevent AIDS. I consider it as an ultimate insult to me that I am equated with a prostitute simply because I have a desire to live with a man rather than a woman in my house. But I am helpless.

 

A common man's hate for homosexuals may increase by the removal of 377. He may think that while AIDS is a menace for everybody, it has proved to be a boon for homosexuals. Please also keep in mind that removal of 377 will also permit anal sex between a man and a woman. Since most heterosexual men consider such anal sex as a severe perversion, the people will simply keep on wondering why the government has removed 377 which was a perfect way to stop pervert acts.

 

Further, removal of 377 is no help in establishing the existence of lesbians in the society.

 

Removal of 377 is also no help in telling a common people that the number of homosexuals and bisexuals combined together is not as small as he thinks; on the contrary, it is about 10% of the whole population.

 

Removal of 377 is no help in telling the people that homosexuality is not a synonym of anal sex. It will fail to tell a common man that homosexuality is a complete way of life and not just anal sex. It also fails in telling the society that there is a large section of male homosexuals which does not like to indulge in anal sex. Our aim is to tell the people that just like there are some heterosexuals who want to live with one partner under the same roof throughout their life and want to take care of each other in their thick and thin and want to share with their partner everything which they have, similarly there are many homosexuals also who want to do just this. Our aim is to tell the society that just like there are some heterosexuals who want that their relation with their partner is recognized by the society and the government of the country in which they live and they get legal, financial, and medical rights of marriage, similarly there are some homosexuals who also want all these same things. Finally, as homosexuals, we want to come out of our closet and we want to declare that we feel pain when we are forced to pretend to be heterosexuals all our lives and when our secret that we are born with an alternate sexual orientation just burns with us in our pyre. Removal of 377 is no help in this.

 

I am against removal of 377 unless it is also accompanied by making of Same-sex Marriage Law which I consider is the first step in creating our acceptability in the society. I believe that just a plain removal of 377 is an insult to us, it equates us to prostitutes and it will do more harm than good to us.


Nothing much is going to happen after 377 goes. There are some gay organizations in India who are promoting and distributing condoms among gay men. Presently, the organizations have to keep a low profile in the sense that they cannot put signboard in front of their offices. After 377 is removed, they will come out openly and seek donations from the government, condom manufactureres, people involved in AIDS prevention work and some other sources by publishing advertisements in newspapers. 90% of these donations they will pocket and remaining 10% they will actually use for condom distribution.
 
Needless to say that the gay men will come to these organizations under deep secracy to receive condoms. They will never tell their parents or wives that they are gay and they are going to a AIDS prevention camp, unlike the way a normal husband-wife go to a family planning camp.
 
During gay pride parades in Delhi, Bangalore, Kolkata etc., some of the participants wear face masks. Is that the distiny and is that the fate of gay community which we are envisaging?
 
Prashant

--- On Mon, 15/6/09, moderator@gaybombay.in <moderator@gaybombay.in> wrote:

 

NEVER READY FOR IT

In India, the State now speaks in many tongues on homosexuality. Different ministries have come up with bafflingly different positions on the matter. So far, on the 'reading down' of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (the archaic law that ends up criminalizing adult consensual homosexuality in India), the courts have sounded progressive, the health ministry encouraging, and the law and home ministries regressive. The regressiveness is alarming, not only because of the astonishing ignorance, indeed blindness, of its "India is not ready for it yet" position, but also because of the schizophrenic divide regarding sex and sexuality within the State that shows up when the health ministry's view is compared with those of the law and home ministries. Yet the health ministry's 'positive' stance is founded on fear and caution rather than principled thinking — on the same sort of logic that underlies action against swine 'flu or SARS: if the law is not changed, then it will be difficult to stop people from dying of AIDS. So when the law minister makes vague public noises to the effect that some bits of the IPC "may be" outdated, and Section 377 "could be" one of these bits, then it really does not amount to very much. But by now, hanging on to every word that the State lets fall on the matter, and then trying to make sense of them, have become part of the entire struggle for legal and social change that the movement against Section 377 has become in India.

This movement remains largely confined, though, to those who are victimized by Section 377 — that is, the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered community, mostly among urban (and sometimes provincial), middle-class Indians. Annual parades and candle-lit vigils, again mostly in the big cities and often (though not always) associated with HIV/AIDS, are when this community is given some visibility in the media, although of a stereotypically colourful kind. Or when big-budget Bollywood indulges in a bit of innocuous same-sex fun, people talk about it for a while, usually with light-hearted titters, as if chatting about exotic lifestyle options. But with food, weddings, cricket and elections being the nation's chief obsessions, the closet rather than the courtroom is where the matter is invariably laid to rest.

Why does it remain virtually impossible to figure out what the nation's leaders think about men having sex with men, or women having sex with women? Does the Rashtrapati Bhavan or the Prime Minister's Office have a view on homosexuality? Would the Gandhis, particularly the younger ones, speak up for it? What does Agatha Sangma, the Lok Sabha's youngest minister, think about it? How does Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee feel about the sexual orientation of his beloved Proust? All these right-thinking people would not think twice before speaking up against untouchability, apartheid or female circumcision. So why this silence, or slipperiness, about this other, universally acknowledged, form of discrimination?

 



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Wednesday, June 17, 2009

India woos gay tourists

Rajesh Ahuja, Hindustan Times

Email Author

New Delhi, June 17, 2009

First Published: 14:00 IST(17/6/2009)

Last Updated: 15:42 IST(17/6/2009)

India woos gay tourists

The already throbbing closet may just break open with this piece of news. Enthused by the success of gay nights at pubs, the Queer Pride Parade  last year and thematic art festivals across the country, tour agencies are offering custom-made tours for the ultimate gay travel experience.

Indjapink puts together packages for gay men only. The agency, based in Lajpat Nagar, organises gay tours for singles and couples throughout the year. “We have at least 4-5 foreign clients every month, though domestic clients are relatively few,” says the director of the company, identifying himself only as ‘Malhotra’. The firm is taking a gay group to the Himalayas in August.

Prateek Hira of Tornos, a Lucknow-based travel agency, organised trips for 50-60 gay Aussie tourists recently. He points out that more homosexual men than lesbians visit India.

The tours, usually lasting close to a week or longer, ensure respectful travel for these tourists, who would otherwise face awkward situations among straight people. Gay-friendly boutique hotels and nightspots are specially chosen.

“Besides arranging for gay-friendly drivers and hotels at the places they wish to visit, we pack their itinerary with exciting activities,” says Prakash George Mathen, who runs Travellers Bank. “Some clients want gay parties to be organised during the trip, so that they can meet the local gay community. So we touch base with gay rights activists in the area to organise such a meeting to exchange experiences.” Activities also include spa therapies, yoga sessions and cocktail dinners.

Syed, manager of Online Car Rental India, another company wooing the ‘pink dollar’ — as gay spend is called — tells us about the preferred destinations. “Rajasthan, Goa and Kerala are a hit among foreigners.” Prakash adds, “They usually want secluded beaches and private spaces like houseboats and forest accommodation.” The staff at these places are trained not to intrude on the guests’ privacy.

All this comes at pretty affordable prices. According to Malhotra, a gay tour to, say, Ranikhet or Pangot (near Nainital) costs Rs 7,500-8,000 per night for a couple. Prakash recently organised a week-long getaway for a gay couple at Rs 30,000. At least, there is no premium charged for one’s sexuality.

A gay day in Delhi
Breakfast at a gay-friendly boutique hotel (name withheld on request), followed by a spa treatment

Shopping at flea markets like Sarojini Nagar or high-end fashion stores at Emporio and Select City Walk malls, depending on the tourists’ taste

Shopping could be followed by a rickshaw ride in Old Delhi and visiting a few heritage sites around the Capital

Fashion tours, organised by Indjapink, have fashion advisers updating the tourists about the latest trends in India. This could be followed by a makeover

The evenings are for socialising — whether at a private home where the organisers help the tourists meet the local gay community over curry and drinks, or in gay-friendly clubs like Pegs n Pints, Monk (Gurgaon), G Lounge (Noida) and Polka - The Club RA

http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print.aspx?Id=c9c47d48-fd71-4a29-a1ad-cbc28de7e9a0

 

 

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Group: Gay bias killings in US highest since 1999

Group: Gay bias killings in US highest since 1999

By MARCUS FRANKLIN – 18 hours ago

NEW YORK (AP) — A national advocacy group says the number of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people killed in bias-motivated incidents increased by 28 percent in 2008 compared to 2007.

The National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs released its report Tuesday. It says last year's 29 killings is the highest it has recorded since 1999. It documented the same number of slayings then.

The New York-based coalition says the overall number of victims who reported gay bias violence in 2008 increased by 2 percent.

The coalition says its figures are more accurate than those from law enforcement agencies. As an example, the group says the FBI doesn't record bias crimes against transgender people because gender identity isn't covered by federal hate-crime law

 

 

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Staying with a gay friend?

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/photo.cms?msid=3360035

 

Staying with a gay friend?

16 Jun 2009, 0000 hrs IST, IANS

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Text:http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/photo.cms?photoid=3549042

The humour of the original play was intact, and the characters did not come across as effeminate, as in Hindi films.

The play in progress

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/photo.cms?msid=3000949

The play in progress



Theatre director Sameer Thakur’s Indian take on Doric Wilson’s 1979 play A Perfect Relationship is an intelligent comment on gay relationships in contemporary India.

Adapted by Thakur of Cathaa Yatra, a Delhi-based community theatre company, A Perfect Relationship was staged to a housefull American Centre in the capital recently.

The play, which has won acclaim since it was staged in the capital in 2008, has been recommended for the Dublin International Theatre Festival in 2009 and has entered the archives of New York’s National Museum of Performing Arts. It was first performed in New York in 1980.

Reminisces Doric in one his interviews about the making of the A Perfect Relationship: “I was interviewing a potential roommate to share my Bedford Street apartment. When I asked him why he wanted to move, he answered, ‘You could write a play about what happened to me.’ It seems his lover brought home a trick (another man) and they decided to live together. So they kicked him out, but the trick only wanted the apartment so it was only a matter of time until the trick also evicted the lover. Three weeks later the first draft of A Perfect Relationship was finished (but the interviewee didn’t move in).”

For Thakur, the scenario of the queer New York City of the 1970s becomes the humorous story of Sunny and Rehaan, two flatmates, who are great friends, but not lovers as they insist. The roommates, who spend most of their time gossiping and downing shots of vodka, suddenly find their lives turning upside down when Ashwin, a ‘gay’ friend decides to take over their lovely flat in the middle of south Delhi.

It leads to hilarious twists of feigned love, betrayal and cunning deceit. Manpreet, aka Mandy, the self-styled landlady adds to the confusion. She makes a living sub-letting small flats where she walks in anytime with her boyfriend of the day. Mandy is loud, crass with her Punjabi-laced English, but good at heart. The play ends with Ashwin getting what he wants – the flat and good guys losing out. But there’s hope in the end.

The strength of the play lies in its insights into the 21st century gay world of Delhi. The men have their insecurities – both in bed and outside – and are vulnerable to betrayals.

This alternative universe – like the straight world – is peopled by double-crossers who would do anything for money; even two-timing with a girl for small favours. It comments on closet relationships of the affluent gay men. Ashwin is the rich guy, who wants to set up his love interest in Sunny and Rehaan’s flat to carry on with his ‘personal life’. “Even my wife does not know about my personal life,” he proclaims.

“We put it up for production in 2008 in Delhi and in NCR. Most people in the audience said it was a courageous effort because of the social context. We let the humour remain as it is without deviating from the original play. The play has references to the current gay rights movement in India,” said Sameer, adding, “The audience was not laughing at the gay characters because they were natural.”

 

 

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Tuesday, June 16, 2009

Say it out (fairly) loud

 

 

Indian Express

Say it out (fairly) loud

Sagnik Dutta Posted online: Tuesday , Jun 16, 2009 at 0048 hrs

Come June 28 this year and the “queer” community shall throng the bustling streets of major Indian cities once again; this time Chennai will join Delhi, Bangalore and Kolkata. Timed to coincide with the anniversary of the historical Stonewall riots — a vehement 1969 protest by New York City’s LGBT community following a police raid at a gay bar in Greenwich Village — the Indian gay pride parade attempts to counter prejudice against the queer community through an enthusiastic and strident — some would say paradoxical — celebration and affirmation of sexual diversity.

A post in the official blog of Delhi Queer Pride reads: “Queer Pride is a celebration. It is about loving who we are, whether lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, hijra or straight, and affirming everyone’s right to be respected.” Celebration of what is still perceived by some moralists as “deviant” sexuality is indeed a unique form of protest. Also, a closer examination of the preparations for the parade and the subtle symbolism associated with it gives us a window into the complex concerns of the gay rights movement in India.

Consider the parade’s organising committee. It tries to reflect the heterogeneity of the queer community, as well as the diverse concerns that are inextricably linked to the gay rights movement in India. Members of the committee are associated with several other organisations; and yet there is a conscious effort to organise the event as a collective effort of various individuals rather than as tied into any specific organisation. That could be seen as an attempt to voice the movement’s varying concerns without prioritising one concern over any other. As one committee member, Ponni Arasu, also a researcher with the Alternative Law Forum observes, “Each of the causes that these organisations are fighting for is equally important for the larger movement. While Nigaah is initiating discussions on representations of sexuality in the media in the intellectual social space, Sangama and Naa [work] closely with hijras and kothis. It is important to see that none of these voices of dissent are marginalised.” The decision to organise the first LGBT pride march in Chennai — preceded by a series of events to increase community awareness, including the launch of a Human Rights Watch Report on sodomy laws on June 20 — also implies a gradual expansion of the horizons of the movement. Arasu again: “The plan is to gradually reach out to even the small towns of the country where the exposure to the media and therefore to contemporary debates about sexuality is limited.”

The organiser’s ambitious aspirations notwithstanding, the pride parade has to be firmly grounded in contemporary reality. This is amply borne out by the choice made by several participants last year to wear a mask that conceals their identity. Isn’t the donning of a mask in a procession which aims at affirmation in a sense self-defeating? One activist, Aditya Bandopadhyay, thinks otherwise: “The mask can emerge as a poignant symbol of protest, a concrete representation of the claustrophobia that homosexuals feel.” Besides, some straight men sympathetic to the gay cause could also prefer to wear masks while taking part in a pride parade. After all, says one organiser, Rahul Singh, “the comfort level of individuals with their orientation varies considerably, which is why we respect the decision of people preferring to wear a mask.”

Another prominent area of debate within the queer community has been around the distribution of HIV leaflets, condoms and lubes in a gay pride parade. True, there are multiple implications as well as symbolic associations of this act of distribution, in this specific social context; and putting safe sex front-and-centre can counter any stereotypes about the promiscuous in the queer community and its vulnerability to HIV-AIDS. However, it could also be read as an act of sensationalism, instead reinforcing the fallacious notion that the LGBT community is primarily responsible for HIV’s spread.

Thus the problematic nature of specific aspects of, and concerns within, the gay rights movement can be seen to surface during the organisation of the pride parade. There’s criticism of public “bandying about” one’s orientation, something which is essentially “personal” to an individual. But in the context of the queer community, the pride parade is an effort to gradually reclaim public social spaces that have been historically denied to a marginalised community.

sagnik.dutta@expressindia.com

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Monday, June 15, 2009

NEVER READY FOR IT

http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090613/jsp/opinion/story_11100934.jsp

 

 

NEVER READY FOR IT

In India, the State now speaks in many tongues on homosexuality. Different ministries have come up with bafflingly different positions on the matter. So far, on the ‘reading down’ of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (the archaic law that ends up criminalizing adult consensual homosexuality in India), the courts have sounded progressive, the health ministry encouraging, and the law and home ministries regressive. The regressiveness is alarming, not only because of the astonishing ignorance, indeed blindness, of its “India is not ready for it yet” position, but also because of the schizophrenic divide regarding sex and sexuality within the State that shows up when the health ministry’s view is compared with those of the law and home ministries. Yet the health ministry’s ‘positive’ stance is founded on fear and caution rather than principled thinking — on the same sort of logic that underlies action against swine ’flu or SARS: if the law is not changed, then it will be difficult to stop people from dying of AIDS. So when the law minister makes vague public noises to the effect that some bits of the IPC “may be” outdated, and Section 377 “could be” one of these bits, then it really does not amount to very much. But by now, hanging on to every word that the State lets fall on the matter, and then trying to make sense of them, have become part of the entire struggle for legal and social change that the movement against Section 377 has become in India.

This movement remains largely confined, though, to those who are victimized by Section 377 — that is, the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered community, mostly among urban (and sometimes provincial), middle-class Indians. Annual parades and candle-lit vigils, again mostly in the big cities and often (though not always) associated with HIV/AIDS, are when this community is given some visibility in the media, although of a stereotypically colourful kind. Or when big-budget Bollywood indulges in a bit of innocuous same-sex fun, people talk about it for a while, usually with light-hearted titters, as if chatting about exotic lifestyle options. But with food, weddings, cricket and elections being the nation’s chief obsessions, the closet rather than the courtroom is where the matter is invariably laid to rest.

Why does it remain virtually impossible to figure out what the nation’s leaders think about men having sex with men, or women having sex with women? Does the Rashtrapati Bhavan or the Prime Minister’s Office have a view on homosexuality? Would the Gandhis, particularly the younger ones, speak up for it? What does Agatha Sangma, the Lok Sabha’s youngest minister, think about it? How does Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee feel about the sexual orientation of his beloved Proust? All these right-thinking people would not think twice before speaking up against untouchability, apartheid or female circumcision. So why this silence, or slipperiness, about this other, universally acknowledged, form of discrimination?

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Celina: Giving rights to gays doesn't diminish your own

Celina: Giving rights to gays doesn’t diminish your own

15 Jun 2009, 0000 hrs IST, TNN

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Text:http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/photo.cms?photoid=3549042

Section 377, introduced by Lord Macaulay in 1860 as a part of the IPC, reads, “Whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of

Celina Jaitley

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/photo.cms?msid=3000949

Celina Jaitley More Pics

nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to 10 years, and shall also be liable to fine.”

Bollywood actress and Miss World Celina Jaitley, a strong supporter of gay rights, is fighting for the amendment of this law. She has written three blogs on the subject in iTimes for which there have been lively feedback, both for and against. Here are some comments from bloggers about Celina's views on gays in India...

V Malhotra
Everybody has different ways of finding happiness and enjoying it. If someone is gay, does it really matter if you are not?

John Smith
To all the retards arguing that gays are normal and their being attracted to their own sex is normal, would you agree that someone attracted to kids or animals and having sex with them is normal, too!

Shreya Bhandary
Parents, forcing heterosexuality on your kids will make their lives a living torture. Instead, let them be, and if possible, support them in their quest for equal rights in society.

Alok Kumar
All so-called modern and educated youth should come forward and support Celina. Today or tomorrow there can be a gay or lesbian in your own homes. Will you kill them in the name of moral values and ethics? Think friends, think and set an example of live and let live. If people think that they have the right to laugh and make fun of gays only because they are straight, they are wrong. Please stop this harassment of gays because all these things are natural, made by God. And nobody has any right to say no to the creation of God.

Kiran Varanasi
I am a heterosexual male, but I consider this fight for gay rights to be my own fight because it is ultimately a fight for individual liberties. We should not sacrifice the freedom of the individual, and as a society, we should strive to be tolerant and accepting. If not, ultimately we will become a monolithic, conformist society with one single language and one single religion and that will be a nightmare.

Radha Krishnan
Denouncing, abusing, hurting and even killing others just because they don’t look like or behave like ‘us’ is so last century. Every such act has been justified through history by invoking God or nature. Apartheid was born thus, the caste system was perpetuated thus. And when nobody speaks out, it becomes ‘what everybody wants’, which is far from the truth.

Vinayak Kamath
My problem is not with giving them equal rights. My problem is not with accepting them as a part of society. My problem is not in socialising with them. My problem is in considering them as an oppressed class. Making them a national issue. Wasting precious time and money on them. My problem is with glorifying them.

 

 

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India: 'Sodomy' Laws Perpetuate Colonial Prejudices

India: ‘Sodomy’ Laws Perpetuate Colonial Prejudices
Courts Should Decriminalize Adult, Consensual Same-Sex Acts

June 14, 2009

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 “Why would a country that prides itself on being the world’s largest democracy keep laws on the books that blatantly violate human rights? And why would a nation with a thriving civil society, including a vibrant LGBT human rights movement, hold on to colonial morality codes?”

Dipika Nath, Researcher for the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Rights Program at Human Rights Watch

(Delhi) - As the High Court in Delhi prepares to rule on whether adult, consensual homosexual conduct should continue to be illegal in India, the nation's new government should drop its opposition to law reform, Human Rights Watch said today. The organization today issued the Hindi translation of a report documenting how the majority of the world's "sodomy laws" are outworn relics of British colonial rule.

The 90-page report, "This Alien Legacy: The Origins of "Sodomy" Laws in British Colonialism," details how Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which criminalizes "carnal intercourse against the order of nature" with up to life imprisonment, was imposed on India by the British as an instrument of social control. Human Rights Watch called on Indian authorities to support reforming the discredited provision. It also called on other governments retaining these archaic laws to move quickly toward their abolition. By criminalizing adult, consensual same-sex acts, Section 377 violates individuals' fundamental rights to privacy and freedom from non-discrimination.

"Why would a country that prides itself on being the world's largest democracy keep laws on the books that blatantly violate human rights?" said Dipika Nath, a researcher for the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Rights Program at Human Rights Watch. "And why would a nation with a thriving civil society, including a vibrant LGBT human rights movement, hold on to colonial morality codes?"

Indian LGBT rights organizations in Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai, and Bangalore have organized discussions and events around the report and the High Court case between June 12 and June 25, 2009. The groups organizing the events are: Pratyay Gender Trust and Sappho for Equality in Kolkata; the Shakti Center in Chennai; LABIA in Mumbai; and Alternative Law Forum, Sangama, and LesBiT in Bangalore. The Delhi High Court is expected to deliver its ruling on the case this summer.

The Indian Penal Code was the first comprehensive criminal code Britain drafted for its colonies; it served as a model for similar codes forced on jurisdictions throughout the British Empire. Versions of Section 377 also served as the model for similar laws across Asia and Africa. A majority of the countries that continue to criminalize adult, consensual same-sex relations inherited these laws from their colonizers, though several now claim them as a part of their pre-colonial tradition and national identity.

In the Delhi High Court case aimed at decriminalizing homosexual conduct, the Indian government has claimed that sodomy laws defend traditional cultural values. In stark contrast to these assertions, the Human Rights Watch report shows that homophobic laws, not homosexual conduct, are a Western import. Colonial morals laws categorized entire classes of people, such as hijras (working-class, male-to-female transgender individuals), as "criminal tribes" who could be arrested simply for appearing in public.

"Section 377, like its sibling laws in other formerly colonized countries, is a legacy of British rule," Nath said. "It is disturbing that post-colonial democratic states like India treat these undemocratic, discriminatory laws as traditions, not impositions."

Moreover, Section 377 and other British-era sodomy laws make no distinction between consensual and non-consensual sex, or between sex among adults and sexual abuse of children. As a result, these surviving laws leave many rape victims and child victims of abuse without effective legal protection.

A 2001 fact-finding report by the People's Union for Civil Liberties-Karnataka found that police use Section 377 to blackmail gay and bisexual men, to detain individuals illegally, and to intimidate lesbians and other women in same-sex relationships. The petitioners in the ongoing case in the Delhi High Court have also argued that Section 377 is used to harass and abuse HIV/AIDS workers and particularly to target members of already-marginalized communities, such as hijras.

In 1994, the UN Human Rights Committee - which authoritatively interprets the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) - held that sodomy laws violate the rights to privacy and to non-discrimination.

"From Malaysia to Uganda, governments use these laws to harass civil society, restrict freedom of speech, discredit political enemies, and destroy lives," Nath said.

Colonies and countries that retain versions of this British sodomy law include:

·         In Asia and the Pacific: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, India, Kiribati, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Western Samoa. (Governments that inherited the same British law, but have abolished it since include: Australia, Fiji, Hong Kong, and New Zealand.)

·         In Africa: Botswana, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Nigeria, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Swaziland, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

Eleven former British colonies in the Caribbean also retain sodomy laws derived from a different British model than the one imposed on India.

 

 

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